1. Sentences
A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete idea; every sentence includes a subject and a verb. (An object as complement may follow the verb). There are four basic types of sentences:
1) Statement
Statement gives information or opinions - English is a wonderful language
- I just bought my books
- I work at Saint Peter’s, in a surgical ward
- I am a student nurse
- She is an S.R.N
- Someone who studies and practices dermatology is a dermatologist
- Someone who studies and practices radiology is a radiologist
- I have (I’ve got) a pain in my chest
- My chest hurts
- My chest aches
- He has (he’s got) a pain in his stomach
- His stomach hurts
- His stomach aches
- You have (you’ve got) a pain in your elbow
- Your elbow hurts
- Your elbow aches
- She has (she’s got) a pain her leg
- Her leg hurts
- Her Leg aches
- She has quite genius for nursing diagnosis
- This is the patient I saw yesterday morning
- Pain cannot be measured in units
- Good health is essential to happiness
- He operates four times a week
- He has suffered from arthritis for years
2) Question
Question asks for information
- Where do you work?
- Do you have any trouble with your chest
- Do you have a cough?
- Do you bring up any phlegm?
- Do you think it is measles, Doctor?
- Did you eat any unusual food last night?
- Did you feel any bad effects?
- How many beds are there in this hospital?
- How many tablets have you taken
- Which patients is Jane learning to nurse
- What is the staff nurse explaining to her?
- What is your complaint?
- What is wrong with you?
- What is the matter with you?
- What is trobling you?
3) Exclamation
Exclamation expresses surprise, pleasure, or other emotion
- What a pretty red dress you have!
- How beautiful this view is!
- How tall you are
- How dark it is!
4) Command
Command tells what to do
- Stop the train! (Response: Okay)
- Be quiet, please! (Response: Okay)
- Come in! (Response: Okay)
- Com in, please! (Response: Okay, thank you)
- Will you come in, please? (Response: No Problem)
- Would you come in, please? (Response: Of course)
- Would you mind standing up, please? (Response: No, I wouldn’t)
- Sit down, please!
- Stand up, please!
- Turn round, please!
- Say Ah, please!
- Turn over, please!
- Bend down, please!
- Lie down, please!
- Sit up, please!
- Look up, please!
- Will you raise your arm, please?
- Will you move your head, please?
- Will you lift your leg, please?
- Will you lower your foot, please?
- Will you open your mouth, please?
- Will you put out your tongue, please?
- Will you bend your knees, please?
- Will you touch your toes, please?
- Will you wriggle your fingers, please/
- Would you roll your sleeve up, please?
- Would you take your shirt off, please?
- Would you hold your head up, please?
- Would you hold your breath in, please?
- Would you take your trousers off, please?
- Would you keep your mouth open, please/
- Would you keep your eyes shut, please?
- Would you go to C.S.S.D, please?
2. Subject
The subject is normally the most important person, place, things, or idea in the sentence. Subjects commonly take four forms:
1) Noun
Noun is a person, place, thing, or idea:
- Tony just arrived from Japan
- The information comes from Jane
2) Pronoun
Pronoun is used in place of a noun
- He has studied English for a year
- She told him about it
3) Phrase
Phrase is a group of related words with a noun or a verb form
- Several Malay students study here
- To study here need more time
4) Clause
Clause is a group of related words with a subject and a verb
- Why the second year student nurse demonstrate is a mystery
- What he wants surprise every body
3. Action Verb
These verbs express the actions taken by subject. There are two types of action verbs:
a. Intransitive
è An intransitive verb is complete without an object
He arrived on Tuesday
They come From Bandung
The second year student nurse demonstrates
b.Transitive
A transitive verb is incomplete without an object He rented a cheap apartment
George bought some new things
He rented a cheap apartment
George bought some new things
4. Object of Verb
a. Direct
è A direct object answer the question who (m)? Or what?
He bought a book
A company fired him
b.Indirect
è An indirect object answer the question to/for who (m), or what
He gave me this book
Jane told them the story
5. Linking Verb
These verbs connect the subject to the complement. The complement describes the subject. A complement can be noun, pronoun, adjective, or verb form
| be, seem, feel | She is a dentist |
| Appear, become, taste | He appears quite intelligent |
| Smell, look, sound, get, (become) | He looks rather tired He sound upset. |
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